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Adequate Zinc Eases Pneumonia in Elderly
Newswise, August 2010 — A high proportion of
nursing facility residents were found to
have low serum (blood) zinc concentrations
during an observational study funded by the
Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and the
National Institute on Aging.
The scientists
found that those with normal blood zinc
concentrations were about 50 percent less
likely to develop pneumonia than those with
low concentrations.
The study was
led by Simin Nikbin Meydani, director of the
Nutritional Immunology Laboratory at the
Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research
Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University
in Boston, Mass. ARS is the chief intramural
scientific research agency of USDA.
HNRCA
researchers have been studying immune
response and respiratory infections in about
600 elderly residents in 33 nursing
facilities in the Boston area. Meydani and
colleagues previously reported that among
the facility residents, those who consumed
200 international units (IU) of vitamin E
daily for one year were 20 percent less
likely to get upper respiratory infections,
such as colds, than those who took a
placebo.
The secondary
analysis of data from the same clinical
trial showed a high proportion of the
residents had low serum (blood) zinc
concentrations at baseline and after one
year of follow-up. All participants had been
supplemented with half of the recommended
dietary allowance of essential vitamins and
minerals, including zinc, during the trial.
Those with
normal zinc status were not only less likely
to develop pneumonia, they also had fewer
new prescriptions for antibiotics, a shorter
duration of pneumonia, and fewer days of
antibiotic use compared with residents who
had low zinc levels. In addition, mortality
was lower in those with adequate blood zinc
levels.
The study
suggests that supplementation of
zinc-deficient elderly may result in reduced
risk of pneumonia. Still, the authors note
that controlled clinical trials are needed
to test efficacy of zinc supplementation as
a low-cost intervention to reduce mortality
due to pneumonia among vulnerable
populations who already have low zinc
levels.
These study
results were published in the American
Journal of Clinical Nutrition.