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Elderly warned to
protect themselves against heat wave
The Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS)
advised Missourians today to take extra precautions to
protect themselves from heat-related illnesses and
deaths during this week's heat wave. High temperatures
and humidity can combine to create deadly conditions,
especially for high-risk populations such as the very
young, the very old, and people weakened by chronic
illness or other health conditions. People are
encouraged to check on their elderly family members and
neighbors regularly to be sure they are not suffering
from the effects of high temperatures, and to never
leave infants and children unattended in hot
environments.
Each year many Missourians suffer from heat-related
illnesses, and even death. So far this year there have
been reports of 23 heat-related illnesses and one
confirmed death. Last year 25 Missourians died due to
heat-related causes; 12 of these persons were age 65 or
older. Between 1995-2005, 312 Missourians died due to
heat-related causes. During prolonged periods of high
temperatures, air conditioning is the best preventive
measure.
"Missourians need to be aware that exposure to high
temperatures and humidity can cause heat-related illness
and even death," said Julie Eckstein, Director of the
Department of Health and Senior Services.
Infants and children up to four years of age are very
sensitive to the effects of high temperatures; they rely
on others to regulate their environments for them and
provide adequate liquids. Infants and children should
never be left unattended in a parked car or other hot
environment.
The elderly and the chronically ill are also more
vulnerable to the effects of high temperatures. They
perspire less and are more likely to have health
problems requiring medications that can impair the
body's response to heat.
"This summer we urge all Missourians to check on elderly
family members and neighbors regularly to be sure they
are not suffering from the effects of high
temperatures," Eckstein said. "Do not leave infants and
children unattended in hot environments."
Many prescription medications make individuals more
sensitive to the heat. Eckstein said that people should
check with their doctor or pharmacist to find out if
their medications fall into this category. Some of these
medications include antipsychotics, major tranquilizers,
antihistamines, over-the-counter sleeping pills,
antidepressants, heart drugs and some antiparkinsonian
agents.
Also at risk are adults of any age who work or exercise
vigorously outdoors and fail to rest frequently in a
cool environment or drink enough fluids. Other risk
factors include a history of heat stroke, obesity,
infection or fever, diarrhea or dehydration, poor
circulation, diabetes, sunburn and drug and alcohol use.
Heat-related illness occurs when the body's temperature
control system is overloaded. The body normally cools
itself by sweating, but when the humidity is high, sweat
will not evaporate as quickly, preventing the body from
releasing heat quickly. Other conditions that can limit
the ability to regulate body temperature include old
age, obesity, infection or fever, diarrhea or
dehydration, certain medications, heart disease, poor
circulation, diabetes, sunburn and drug or alcohol use.
Very high body temperatures may damage the brain or
other vital organs.
To Prevent Heat-Related Illness
·Be aware of the warning signs of heat-related illness,
such as light-headedness, mild nausea or confusion,
sleepiness or profuse sweating.
·Increase your fluid intake; drink more liquid than your
thirst indicates.
·Drink non-alcoholic and caffeine-free liquids, such as
water and juices, before feeling thirsty. Continue
drinking fluids throughout the day, especially if
working outdoors or elsewhere in the heat.
·Wear lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting
clothing.
·When accustomed to working or exercising in a hot
environment, start slowly and pick up the pace
gradually. Rest frequently in a shady area.
·Spend time in an air-conditioned place; if not at home,
then such public places as libraries, supermarkets,
shopping malls and movie theaters.
·Do not rely on fans as your primary cooling device
during a heat wave. (See paragraphs below.)
·Schedule outdoor activities carefully, preferably
before noon or in the evening.
·Exercise early in the morning or late in the evening,
even if you're used to the heat.
·When working in the heat, monitor the condition of your
co-workers and have someone do the same for you.
·Monitor those at high risk, such as the elderly,
infants and children up to 4 years of age, someone who
is overweight or someone on medication.
·Ask your physician whether you are at a particular risk
because of medication.
·NEVER leave infants, children or pets unattended in a
parked car or other hot environment.
Although fans are less expensive to operate, they may
not be effective, and may even be harmful, when
temperatures are very high. As the air temperature
rises, airflow is increasingly ineffective in cooling
the body until finally, at temperatures above about 100
F (the exact number varies with the humidity) increasing
air movement actually increases heat stress. More
specifically, when the temperature of the air rises to
about 100 F, the fan may be delivering overheated air to
the skin at a rate that exceeds the capacity of the body
to get rid of this heat, even with sweating, and the net
effect is to add heat rather than to cool the body. An
air conditioner, if one is available, or seeking shelter
in an air-conditioned building is a much better
alternative.
The most efficient way to beat the heat is to spend time
in an air-conditioned area. If you do not have air
conditioning in your home, consider spending some time
in a shopping mall, public library or other
air-conditioned location. Electric fans may be useful to
increase comfort or to draw cool air into your home at
night, but do not rely on a fan as your primary cooling
device during a heat wave. As the air temperature rises,
airflow is increasingly ineffective in cooling the body
until finally, at temperatures above about 100° F (the
exact number varies with the humidity) increasing air
movement actually increases heat stress. More
specifically, when the temperature of the air rises to
about 100° F, the fan may be delivering overheated air
to the skin at a rate that exceeds the capacity of the
body to get rid of this heat, even with sweating, and
the net effect is to add heat rather than to cool the
body.
Eckstein urges Missourians to use the state's toll-free
abuse and neglect hotline to report any elderly or
disabled persons suffering from the heat and needing
assistance. That phone number is 1-800-392-0210. When
the number is called, a hotline worker will gather
information from the caller to help determine if there
is an immediate risk because of the heat. The hotline
worker may offer suggestions, when appropriate, on
getting out of the problem area and going to other
locations that would provide an air-conditioned
environment, even if temporarily. When these
alternatives are not possible, a report will be taken
and a Senior Services Social Worker within the area will
respond. There are resource agencies or programs in most
areas of Missouri where fans or air conditioners are
loaned to at-risk persons to help with heat problems.
The worker will evaluate what options are possible and
resources are available, and work toward helping resolve
the problem.
Additional information on preventing heat-related
illness is available through the Missouri Department of
Health and Senior Services' web site at
www.dhss.mo.gov.
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